Aspects and Impacts and Essex

After an exciting week in Scotland I am now spending an exciting week in Essex. I love the peripatetic life but I struggle to keep up with the news, my life and the blog. I spent a couple of hours yesterday morning looking to see if there was any interesting environmental news to pass on but it's all massive oil spill and worrying associated effects so instead I offer this simple introduction to aspects and impacts that I put together in an e-mail yesterday.

At the moment I am putting together an aspect register for your organisation. You may not have come across this before so I'll just explain briefly. The environmental standard, ISO14001, has two major commitments; to comply with environmental legislation and to prevent pollution. The initial method for dealing with these two commitments is to identify all the legislation that applies to your organisation and all the things that you can do as an organisation that will affect the environment. This is usually done in the form of a legal register and an aspect register.

An aspect is defined as 'an element of an organisation's activities, products or services that can interact with the environment'. The effect of this is an impact, which is defined as 'any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organisation's environmental aspects'.

Or, to put it another way, an aspect is a cause (of pollution) and an impact is the effect (of that pollution)

Or, in yet another way, and aspect is similar to a hazard for health a safety, an impact is similar to an accident, except that some impacts are positive!

The aspect, then, is how ISO14001 identifies and controls the potential for pollution from your organisation. The idea is that if you fully control you aspects there should be no impacts.

To complicate things still further, we try to minimise the number of aspects we identify by grouping them in order to have a finite number of aspects that we can manage. Particularly in a large and complex organisation, you may have the potential for many impacts on the environment but the environment does not care whether the impact of energy consumption comes for employees driving to work in the morning, lighting the building they are working in or removing waste from a site for disposal. Rather than looking at every impact as a separate issue we group all the similar ones together, in this example, as energy consumption.

So, following that rather long-winded explanation, a few examples.

If your activity is heating the building your aspect may be energy consumption and your impact may be use of finite resource and emission of carbon dioxide contributing to climate change.

If your activity is degreasing metal before coating your aspect may be use of solvents and your impact may include emissions of VOCs to air and depletion of ozone layer (if you are still using trichloroethylene). You might also identify an associated aspect of storage of solvents which could include the impact of pollution of groundwater and disposal of hazardous material. Or you could group the two aspects together as management of solvents.

I hope this helps.

Emergency response planning

ISO14001, as part of the 'do' part of the standard, requires an organization to identify all the environmental emergencies that its operations could cause and put into place plans to respond to each of these. Depending on what you do or what you store on site there may be incidents that could happen which would be regarded as an emergency. For example, if your organization stores large quantities of oil or diesel on site, a big spill could cause a lot of local pollution. The standard asks that your organisation identify all the possible environmental emergencies that could happen on site and plan how to deal with them if they ever happen.

This is obviously an excellent idea. The standard requires that you spend time preparing and thinking about what you would do whilst you are calm, rather than making decisions whilst everyone is panicking. Your plan should tell you exactly what to do in all the possible emergencies, include the equipment you need (which you should get immediately) and should include appropriate contact details so you don’t have to waste time looking up this information.

In some emergencies, letting you neighbours know what is happening means that you don’t harm anyone off-site. You should occasionally practice your environmental emergency response to make sure that everyone knows what to do. An example would be doing a practice spill using water to see whether you could deal with this if it was diesel that had spilled. After a test you might change your plan to make it work better.

Should you actually have an emergency you should put your plan into operation. If you have done a good job the plan should enable you to quickly contain and deal with your potential pollution and once it has been properly dealt with the standard also requires that you find the root cause and make sure that this type of incident could never happen again. If your plan does not work as you had hoped you need to learn from its failure and improve it. Obviously.

So that is the theory. You may have noticed we have had a number of emergencies recently. One where the emergency response plan worked well and the other where it obviously hasn't. The first is the emergency that arose with the eruption of the volcano in Iceland. Once the threat became obvious all flights that might be affected by the ash cloud were cancelled. This stranded people across Europe, which is never ideal, but avoided any aeroplane falling out of the sky. There have been complaints of over caution but I would always rather that the precautionary principle was used. I never want to be in a plane that is taking a chance with my safety.

I have already mentioned the other emergency in this blog. That is the emergency arising on the BP oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico which is currently spilling unimaginably vast quantities of oil into the sea, devastating the area around the rig and potentially causing ecological and financial damage over much of the gulf coast and beyond as the gulf stream spreads the slick. This is an example of an ineffective response plan. There seem to have been many things that went wrong but this is almost always the case with emergencies. Generally when only one thing goes wrong the effect can be contained. There have been reports of safety precautions being value engineered out and, although having the secondary precautions might not have changed anything, having designed them out to save money has been a strategic failure of the company.

More concerning though, is the report here that despite having filed a response plan, the actual response has been a failure, and what containment has been accomplished has been put in place by the US Navy rather than BP. The other issue raised is that this is the second time that BP has been responsible for an emergency response plan that has failed in a similar way. It's been 20 years since the Exxon Valdez but those are not lessons that should have been forgotten.

No organisation wants to find itself in the deep trouble that BP is currently experiencing. An emergency response plan that is regularly tested and maintained should help towards ensuring that if the worst should happen you are not seen as having been negligent, responsible for huge clean-up costs and with your reputation for environmental responsibility in tatters. When it all goes wrong, cost savings based on the assumption that everything will go to plan are seen to be misguided.In BP's case it won't just be the company paying the cost of their error but the wildlife and economies in the way of their mess.

The meaning of the blog!

So, a quick play with a piece of software (Tagxedo) reveals our preoccupations. I may try this again in a month or so and see if they change.

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

There has been coverage in the news about the huge oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico and the allocation of blame procedure* has already started. As I understand it at the moment up to 5,000 barrels of oil a day are flowing into the sea with no immediate way of stopping the flow. It's location, in open water, means it has great potential to spread. This has come at a very bad time for the oil industry, shortly after the US had given the go ahead for off-shore drilling in certain areas, although President Obama has said this will not stand in the way of further development. Predictions were that oil would be pushed into the shoreline and barrier marshes of Louisiana threatening the diverse wildlife in the area. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has stated that the spill is of national significance which means, "A spill that, due to its severity, size, location, actual or potential impact on the public health and welfare or the environment, or the necessary response effort, is so complex that it requires extraordinary co-ordination of federal, state, local, and responsible party resources to contain and clean up the discharge."

My favourite quote so far is from Poppy757 commenting on a story in the Guardian:

'Oil is a finite resource, it seems to me to be rather careless to decorate shorelines with it.'

*I've always thought that the there was a secret quality procedure in every Quality Management System called 'Allocation of Blame'.

Paper towels vs air dryers!

A few weeks ago my colleague, Alison, identified the question, 'are paper towels or air dryers better for the environment?' as one of the most frequent queries she encounters. I don't have a scientific answer for you yet, just another link from the Guardian where Leo Hickman reports 'Dyson and Kimberly Clark in hand to hand combat over paper towels'. This is fascinating and well worth a read, not least because here in full view is a wonderful example of why you should be careful when looking at environmental claims. Essentially Kimberly Clark (KC), a major producer of paper towels (and tissues, loo-rolls, feminine hygiene products and nappies) has published research claiming that warm air and air jet dryers increase the hygiene risks. Dyson, the manufacturer of the Airblade, has responded by saying that their dryers have independent hygienic credentials and have a carbon footprint 70% lower than paper towels. I haven't studied any of the studies used to make these claims and you really need to in order to properly assess the validity of the conclusions drawn about the environmental claims. Dyson compares its environmental performance against 'virgin paper towels' whilst KC remarks that paper towels can be recycled once used. Both of these comments are valid but will affect carbon footprint calculations. Obviously both companies will choose the framing conditions to suit their products. How does an Airblade compare with use of recycled paper towels? How often do KC's paper towels get recycled?

The main point of issue, the hygiene performance, is also worth a look. The comments to Leo's article were very sensible (I haven't read all of them) and pointed out a number of things. One is that our hands are always covered on bacteria. Washing does not remove all bacteria. There is an interesting post here which tells you how to wash your hands and comments, 'the surfactant action of soap helps the running water flush the germs away. That's how it works. It's purely mechanical'. So, as someone in comments to Leo pointed out, the minute you touch the door handle on the way out your hand will be contaminated with whatever was on the last person's hand. Not everyone washes their hands effectively. Not everyone washes! This is not to say that the hygiene of the drying method is not important but that it is not the controlling factor for how clean your hands are when you get back to your desk. The differences in hygiene reported are immaterial in risk terms.

For what it's worth, my preference is to use an airjet, followed by one paper towel, followed by wiping my hands on my clothes, followed by a warm air blower. The clothes option only works when I'm wearing jeans and I haven't had the hygiene risks assessed.